Present Perfect Tense

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 Knowledge is power.

आईये अब हिन्दी के कुछ वाक्यों का अध्ययन करें- -

1. मैं अंग्रेजी पढ़ चुका हूँ ।

2. हम लोग अंग्रेजी पढ़ चुके हैं ।

3. तुमने अंग्रेजी पढ़ लिया है ।

4. तुमने देश को क्या दिया है ?

5. वह अपना काम कर चुका है ।

6. वे लोग दिल्ली जा चुके हैं ।

  उपर्युक्त वाक्यों को ध्यान से देखने पर पता चलता है कि वाक्यों के अंत में चुका है/चुकी है/लिया है/ दिया है रहता है  और काम अभी- अभी समाप्त हुआ है ।

पहचान- - जिस वाक्य के अंत में चुका है/ चुकी है/ लिया है /दिया है आदि रहे उस वाक्य की क्रिया Present Perfect Tense में होता है ।

  इस Tense के वाक्यों के हिन्दी से अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद करने के लिए अंग्रेजी वाक्यों की संरचना  (Structure )  निम्नलिखित है-- For Affimative Sentence 

    S + have/ has + 3rd form of P.V. + O 

    For Negative Sentence 

     S + have / has + 3rd form of P.V. + O

     For Interrogative Sentence 

    Q.W. + have/ has + S + 3rd form of P.V. + O 

 (  नोट -- केवल 3rd Person singular number के साथ has का प्रयोग किया जाता है और सबके साथ have का प्रयोग होता है । एक बात और ध्यान देने की है कि इस Tense में हमेशा Verb का 3rd form का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है । अतः आप कोशिस करके Verb के 1st, 2nd और 3rd form को अवश्य याद कर लें । )

   अब क्रमशः  Affimative Sentence , Negative Sentence और Interrogative Sentence  के प्रत्येक number और Person के हिन्दी वाक्यों के अंग्रेजी अनुवादों को ध्यान से पढ़ें-- 

1.  मैं घर पहुँच चुका हूँ- - I have reached home.

2. हम लोग अंग्रेजी पढ़ चुके हैं- - I have read English. 

3. तुम गीत गा चुके हो- - You have sung a song.

4. तुम लोग काम कर चुके हो- - You have done the work .

5. उसने अपना काम कर लिया है- - He / She  has done his / her work.

6.  वे लोग खेल चुके हैं- - They have played.

    Negative Sentence

1. मैंनें पत्र नहीं लिख लिया है- - I have not written a letter. 

2. हम लोग ने झूठ नहीं बोला है- - We have not told a lie.

3. तुम सो चुके हो-- You have slept. 

4. तुम दोनों खा चुके हो -- Both of you have eaten. 

5. उसने अपना काम कर लिया है- - He/ She has done his/ her work .

6. वे लोग चाय पी चुकें हैं- - They have taken a tea. 

   Interrogative Sentence 

1. क्या मैं खा चुका हूँ ? --   Have I eaten?

2. हम लोग कहाँ पहुँच गए हैं ? -- Where have we  reached ?

3. तुम कौन सा काम कर चुके हो ?  Which work have you done ? 

4. तुम लोग क्या पढ़ चुके हो ? -- What have you read ?

5. वह कहाँ जा चुका है? -- Where has he gone ? 

6. क्या वे लोग स्नान कर चुके हैं? -- Have they bathed ?

उपरोक्त सभी वाक्यों के अनुवादों को गौर से पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए हिन्दी के वाक्यों को अंग्रेजी में स्वयं अनुवाद करें- -

1. हम लोग पटना जा चुके हैं ।

2. तुम लोग क्या कर चुके हो? 

3. आप ने क्या कर लिया है? 

4. वे लोग कहानी सुना चुके हैं ।

5. मैं खाना खा चुका हूँ ।

6. माता जी खाना पका चुकी है ।

7. पिता जी अखबार पढ़ चुके हैं ।

8. उसने अपना काम कर लिया है।

9. तुम दोनों कहाँ से आ रहे हो? 

10. हम लोग शानदार काम कर चुके हैं ।

Children are future of the country. Please educate them properly. 


       



     










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